Modelling the impacts of spatial heterogeneity in soil hydraulic properties on hydrological process in the upper reach of the Heihe River in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Xin Jin  Lanhui Zhang  Juan Gu  Chen Zhao  Jie Tian  Chansheng He 《水文研究》2015,29(15):3318-3327

Spatial heterogeneity of soil has great impacts on dynamic processes of the hydrological systems. However, it is challenging and expensive to obtain spatial distribution of soil hydraulic properties, which often requires extensive soil sampling and observations and intensive laboratory analyses, especially in high elevation, hard to access mountainous areas. This study evaluates the impacts of soil heterogeneity on hydrological process in a high elevation, topographically complex watershed in Northwest China. Two approaches were used to derive the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties in the study watershed: (1) the spatial clustering method, Full‐Order‐CLK was used to determine five soil heterogeneous clusters (configurations 97, 80, 60, 40 and 20) through large number of soil sampling and in situ observations, and (2) the average values of soil hydraulic properties for each soil type were derived from the coarse provincial soil data sets (Gansu Soil Handbook at 1 : 1 000 000 scale). Subsequently, Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was used to quantify the impact of the spatial heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties on hydrological process in the study watershed. Results show the simulations by Soil and Water Assessment Tool with the spatially clustered soil hydraulic information from the field sampling data had much better representation of the soil heterogeneity and had more accurate performance than the model using the average soil property values for each soil type derived from the coarse soil data sets. Thus, incorporating detailed field sampling, soil heterogeneity data greatly improve performance in hydrological modelling. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The spatial heterogeneity of riverbed saturated permeability coefficient in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Haiyang Xi  Lu Zhang  Qi Feng  Jianhua Si  Zongqiang Chang  Tengfei Yu  Jianguo Li 《水文研究》2015,29(23):4891-4907

In arid region, direct infiltration from rainfall contributes little to groundwater compared with localized recharge from streams. How to quantify riverbed infiltration to groundwater systems is an important area of research in hydrology. In this study, saturated permeability coefficient of a riverbed in an arid inland river basin located in the northwest of China was obtained by Guelph Permeameter and laboratory analysis methods. The characteristics of riverbed infiltration and its spatial patterns were analysed using geostatistical method and kriging method. The results showed that the saturated permeability coefficient varied from 0.089 to 2.802 m/d, indicating moderate degree of variability. The Guelph Permeameter and laboratory test methods provided consistent estimates of saturated permeability coefficient. There was a strong spatial correlation for K_fs of the riverbed in this study area when Range (A) was less than 0.276°, suggesting that the maximum sampling distance for saturated permeability coefficient of the riverbed was 0.276° under isotropic conditions. The K_fs near the centre of the riverbed was higher than the value near riverbank. The K_fs values decreased in the direction of upstream to downstream in the Heihe River Basin. The riverbed mechanical composition, initial soil water content and bulk density have significant influence up on the riverbed infiltration. Besides, the topographical factors including the width, altitude and distance factors of the riverbed together impacted the riverbed infiltration and the slope of the riverbed and also influenced the riverbed infiltration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Semi-analytical solutions of groundwater flow in multi-zone (patchy) wedge-shaped aquifers     

《Advances in water resources》2015

Alluvial fans are potential sites of potable groundwater in many parts of the world. Characteristics of alluvial fans sediments are changed radially from high energy coarse-grained deposition near the apex to low energy fine-grained deposition downstream so that patchy wedge-shaped aquifers with radial heterogeneity are formed. The hydraulic parameters of the aquifers (e.g. hydraulic conductivity and specific storage) change in the same fashion. Analytical or semi-analytical solutions of the flow in wedge-shaped aquifers are available for homogeneous cases. In this paper we derive semi-analytical solutions of groundwater flow to a well in multi-zone wedge-shaped aquifers. Solutions are provided for three wedge boundary configurations namely: constant head–constant head wedge, constant head–barrier wedge and barrier–barrier wedge. Derivation involves the use of integral transforms methods. The effect of heterogeneity ratios of zones on the response of the aquifer is examined. The results are presented in form of drawdown and drawdown derivative type curves. Heterogeneity has a significant effect on over all response of the pumped aquifer. Solutions help understanding the behavior of heterogeneous multi-zone aquifers for sustainable development of the groundwater resources in alluvial fans.  相似文献   

敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统植被与土壤水分空间异质性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈文业  赵明  张继强  李广宇  吴三雄  袁海峰  窦英杰  吴婷  陈旭  罗文莉  朱丽  邴丹珲  冯颖  孙飞达  谈嫣蓉 《冰川冻土》2015,37(6):1670-1679

基于敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统植被与土壤特性调查, 采用地统计学方法, 研究了敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统的土壤水分和植被的空间变异特征. 结果表明: 研究区植被盖度、高度和多度的平均值分别为36.14%、80.42 cm和0.66株·m², 变异系数依次为117.52%、124.63%和36.50%, 植被盖度和高度均为高度变异, 植被多度为中等变异; 0~200 cm土层各层土壤湿度平均值为14.873%, 介于6.681%~ 23.004%, 变异系数介于39.28%~88.65%. 200 cm土层水分贮量平均值为163.598 mm, 变异系数为36.51%, 0~200 cm土层各层土壤湿度和2 m土层水分贮量均为中等变异. 植被特征与土壤特性各要素的基台值(C₀+C)介于0.112~0.549, 结构比介于76.6%~97.6%, 各变量具有较强的空间自相关性. 研究区植被型组由盐池湾向南呈沼泽→盐沼→草甸→阔叶林→荒漠演变过程, 植被特征与土壤特性在样带空间分布上具有明显的规律性, 且存在较强的空间自相关性和格局.  相似文献   

中国区域陆地生态系统土壤呼吸碳排放及其空间格局——基于通量观测的地学统计评估   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

展小云  于贵瑞  郑泽梅  王秋凤 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):97-108

土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统通过根系呼吸和微生物呼吸向大气中释放CO2的过程。研究土壤呼吸的时空格局,将有助于构建区域尺度土壤呼吸定量评价模型,也可提高预测未来气候变化情境下的典型生态系统、区域以及全球尺度碳平衡状况的能力。本文整合了中国区域土壤呼吸的主要研究成果,分析了温度敏感性（Q10）和土壤呼吸（Rs）的统计特征和区域差异,定量评价了中国区域Rs的时空格局及其在中国和全球碳平衡中的作用。通过以上分析本文得出以下主要结论：①不同生态系统类型的土壤呼吸的Q10表现为森林〉农田〉草地,气候越寒冷,土壤呼吸Q10越大,并且中国区域的Q10值相对于其他国家偏低;②Rs具有明显的季节变异,不同生态系统类型的Rs表现为森林〉农田〉草地,并且,中国区域Rs低于全球Rs;③月尺度上Rs随着经纬度发生明显的季节变异,随着经度的增加,Rs的季节变幅也逐渐增加;④1995-2004年中国区域Rs的年总量的平均值为3.84 PgC,占全球土壤CO2排放的比例4.78%。  相似文献   

非均匀下垫面湍流通量观测的印痕分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

彭谷亮  刘绍民  蔡旭晖 《大气科学》2008,32(5):1064-1070

利用2005年在北京昌平区小汤山开展的非均匀下垫面观测实验的观测数据,分别处理了涡旋相关法和大孔径闪烁仪LAS测得的感热通量,并运用印痕模型对数据进行“源区”分析。分析结果表明:在复杂地表上,涡旋相关的测量值由于混杂了其他下垫面的通量信息,不能真实地反映其观测区域的湍流特征,存在着观测误差。而LAS观测出现的低估问题则与掺混高度和“源区”有关。通过用印痕方法进行数据订正后,以上问题均得到很好的改善,订正结果与LAS观测通量的线性关系良好,两者的相关系数达到0.9。实验结果验证了印痕模型在非均匀下垫面的适用性。  相似文献   

中国北方农牧交错带耕地时空分异及驱动因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶泽涪  王世清  孙丕苓  李凯迪  田文  韩潇潇 《干旱区地理》2022,45(1):153-163

耕地是保障国家粮食安全的重要载体.以中国北方农牧交错带为例,基于2000、2010、2020年3期遥感影像数据,综合运用转移矩阵、空间自相关分析、空间计量模型等方法系统分析了2000—2020年中国北方农牧交错带耕地时空分异特征及影响因素.研究结果表明:(1)2000—2020年中国北方农牧交错带耕地面积由268959...  相似文献   

构造应变与砂岩成岩的构造非均质性——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷研究为例   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

李忠  张丽娟  寿建峰  韩登林  沈杨  张惠良 《岩石学报》2009,25(10):2320-2330

孔隙性砂岩在应变过程中首先发生应变局域化并形成肉眼不易识别的变形条带(deformation band),这与低孔隙性的碳酸盐岩的应变效应迥然不同.实例分析说明,天山南缘库车坳陷后期构造变形强烈,自白垩纪以来构造应变具有南北分带、东西分异的显著特征.结合盆地构造格架以及砂岩物性分布特征,本文提出了该区六类砂岩储层改造的构造样式,并描述了其中砂岩的构造非均质性.其中深层卷入型(3类)主要发育于盆地西部,而浅层卷入型发育于盆地东部,其分布受基底构造、盐煤等滑脱层、近南北向的调节断裂、盆山边界接触方式的控制.除变形条带外,研究发现本区最大埋深大于6500～7000m的白垩系致密砂岩的应变属性亲近灰岩,其由于后期抬升或深层次构造应变将容易导致裂隙的发育,这一点在有效储层预测中值得重视.  相似文献   

Urban Expansion and Spatiotemporal Relationships with Driving Factors Revealed by Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression     

DONG Guanglong  XU Erqi  ZHANG Hongqi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(3):277-286

Urbanization improves our lives but also threatens human health and sustainable development. Revealing the spatiotemporal pattern of urban expansion and spatiotemporal relationships with driving forces, especially in terms of the ubiquitous and fast growing small city, is a crucial prerequisite to solving these problems and realizing sustainable development. Kunshan, China was used as a case study here. Eleven variables from four aspects covering physical, socioeconomic, accessibility and neighborhood were selected, and logistic regression and geographically weighted logistic regression modeling were employed to explore spatiotemporal relationships from 1991-2014. Results reveal that urban expansion in Kunshan shows an accelerating tendency with annual expansion from 2000-2014 four times higher than for 1991-2000. More importantly, the annual expansion rate of Kunshan of 28.42% in 2000-2014 is higher than that of a large city. Urban expansion and related factors have spatiotemporal varying relationships. From a global perspective, the closer to a city, town, main road and the higher the GDP, the more likely a region will undergo urbanization. Interestingly, the effect of population on urban expansion is decreasing, especially in developed areas, and the effect of distance to lake is enhanced. From a local perspective, the magnitude and even the sign of the coefficients vary across the study area. However, the range of the coefficient of GWLR is around that of the corresponding variable in LR, and the sign of most variables in GWLR is consistent with that of corresponding variables in LR. GWLR surpasses LR with the same explanatory variables in revealing regional differences and improving model reliability. Based on these findings, more attention should be given to small cities in China. Promoting the connotation of city culture and public services to realize New-type Urbanization and regional diversity policy in order to manage urban expansion scientifically are also recommended.  相似文献   

地形异质性对天山山区气候的影响分析     

高瑞睿  李雪梅  高培 《干旱区地理》2017,40(1):197-203

地形具有高度的空间异质性,同一区域不同地形对该区的气候变化有着显著的影响,分析研究地形异质性对气候的影响具有十分重要的意义。基于天山山区DEM栅格图像资料和61个气象站点1961-2014年的气温和降水资料,运用空间分析、反距离权重插值法、偏最小二乘法和统计分析等方法,对该区域的地形异质性及其对气候的影响进行了相关研究。结果表明：（1）天山山区整体坡度大,其中中部与西南部的地形异质性指标值较高,其它地区的地形异质性值偏低。（2）从气候的空间分布来看,天山中部的气温较低,降水量丰富,其他区域的气温较高,降水量较少。（3）在地形异质性对气候影响方面,坡度对研究区气候的影响贡献最大,而地表粗糙度对研究区气候的影响最弱。  相似文献